![]() ![]() ![]() While it would be interesting to compare the approach to entropy presented below to what was or is done by others, this will not be done. For better flow, some material is moved to the Appendix which provides the more difficult material, in particular excursions into Linear Irreversible Thermodynamics and Kinetic Theory. The presentation is split into many short segments to give the reader sufficient pause for consideration and digestion. The content ranges from simple observation in daily life over the equations for systems used in engineering thermodynamics to the partial differential equations of thermo-fluid-dynamics short discussions of kinetic theory of gases and the microscopic interpretation of entropy are included. Throughout, all thermodynamic systems considered are allowed to be in nonequilibrium states, which typically are inhomogeneous in certain thermodynamic properties, with homogeneous states (for the proper variables) assumed only in equilibrium. Nonequilibrium states and nonequilibrium processes are at the core of thermodynamics, and the present treatment puts these at center stage-where they belong. The concise presentation aims at the more experienced reader, in particular those that are interested to see how the 2nd law can be introduced without Carnot engines and cycles. ![]() There are only few examples or applications, since these can be found in textbooks. The emphasis is on a straight path from the observations to identifying the 2nd law, and thermodynamic temperature. This text centers on the introduction of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics from a small number of everyday observations. ![]()
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